ABSTRACT Purpose Create a checklist of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) based on relevant categories for the development of speech and language, according to the perception of parents and speech therapists. Methods Pilot application and research were carried out. 100 parents of preschool children with typical language/cognition development and 57 language specialist speech therapists participated in the survey. A questionnaire was created with 199 ICF categories of body function components, activities and participation, and environmental factors. Each category was scored as: indispensable (2); important (1) or unimportant (0). Statistical analysis was performed (descriptive, sum, cluster/K-means and Mann-Whitney method). Results With the sum of the points (essential, important and unimportant) and the number of responses essential, the most relevant categories were identified for each group of respondents, as well as the set of categories in common (72 considered to have the greatest influence). The common list to the groups included the three components: body functions (30 categories/40% of the total), activities and participation (35/49.29%) and environmental factors (seven/13.20%). From the selected categories, 58.33% presented statistically significant results between the groups, regarding the relevance given. Conclusions The categories were considered with different scores between the groups: those of body functions were more scored by speech therapists, while those of environmental factors by parents. Thus, it was possible to create a checklist from the identification of the most relevant categories for the development of speech and language, in preschool age, contemplating the components of body functions, activities and participation and environmental factors.

RESUMO Objetivo Criar um checklist da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) a partir de categorias relevantes para o desenvolvimento de fala e linguagem, segundo a percepção de pais e fonoaudiólogos. Método Realizou-se aplicação piloto e pesquisa. Na pesquisa participaram 100 pais de pré-escolares, com desenvolvimento típico de linguagem/cognição e 57 fonoaudiólogos especialistas em linguagem. Elaborou-se questionário com 199 categorias da CIF dos componentes de funções do corpo, atividades e participação e fatores ambientais. Cada categoria foi pontuada como: indispensável (2); importante (1) ou sem importância (0). Realizou-se a análise estatística (descritiva, soma, cluster/Método K-means e Mann-Whitney). Resultados Com a soma dos pontos (indispensável, importante e sem importância) e a quantidade de respostas indispensável, foram identificadas as categorias de maior relevância para cada grupo de respondentes, assim como o conjunto de categorias em comum (72 consideradas de maior influência). A listagem comum aos grupos contou com os três componentes: funções do corpo (30 categorias/40% do total), atividades e participação (35/49,29%) e fatores ambientais (sete/13,20%). Das categorias selecionadas, 58,33% apresentaram resultados estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos, quanto à relevância dada. Conclusão As categorias foram consideradas com pontuações distintas entre os grupos: as de funções do corpo foram mais pontuadas pelos fonoaudiólogos, enquanto as de fatores ambientais pelos pais. Assim, foi possível criar um checklist a partir da identificação das categorias mais relevantes para o desenvolvimento de fala e linguagem, em idade pré-escolar, contemplando os componentes funções do corpo, atividades e participação e fatores ambientais.

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to translate, and perform a cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Vancouver Symptom Score (VSS) for bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD) for Brazilian children and adolescents Materials and Methods: Six steps were performed for the translation and cross-cultural adaptation: (1) translation, (2) synthesis of translations, (3) back-translation, (4) pre-final version of the translated instrument, (5) pilot test and degree of comprehensibility and (6) elaboration of the Brazilian version of the VSS. For validation, the Brazilian Dysfunctional Voiding Score (DVSS) questionnaire was used. Results: Validation was performed on a sample of 107 children and adolescents with a mean age of 9.2 ± 2.84 years, presenting BBD and 107 without BBD (control group-CG). There was a positive correlation (r = 0.91, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.93, p < 0.0001) between total VSS score and total DVSS score. VSS was higher in patients with BBD (p < 0.0001). The internal consistency estimated by Cronbach's alpha was 0.87 for patients with BBD. The VSS showed excellent diagnostic accuracy in detecting cases, with an area under the ROC curve of 98% (95% CI 0.96 to 0.99, p < 0.001). A cut-off value of >11 points produced a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 96.4% to 100%) and a specificity of 91.8% (95% CI 85.1% to 95.6%). Conclusion: The translated, cross-culturally adapted, and validated VSS for the Brazilian population is a reliable and valid tool to identify symptoms of BBD in children and adolescents aged five to 16 years, whose first language is Brazilian Portuguese.

Abstract Objective: To describe the health-related quality of life (QOL) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) associated with congenital Zika infection. Methods: Cross-sectional study of a consecutive series of children, followed in a referral multicentric rehabilitation network in Brazil. We invited the caregivers to respond to the Brazilian version of the Caregiver Priorities & Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (CPCHILDTM) questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 26.0™. We used absolute and relative frequencies for categorical variables and mean and standard deviation for continuous variables. Results: The sample consisted of 193 children, at mean age of 50.3±7.6 months. We observed a predominance of children with cerebral palsy (CP) with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level V (93.7%). Epilepsy (88.4%) was the most common comorbidity. CPCHILDTM mean scores were activities of daily living (ADL)/personal care 43.2±12.6; positioning, transferring and mobility 33.7±16.5; comfort and emotions 84.4±15.2; communication and social interaction (CoSI) 48.2±24.3; health 70.9±17.1; and overall quality of life (OQOL) 72.1±17.1. Total score was 54.8±11.3. Conclusions: Among children with cerebral palsy (CP) related to congenital Zika syndrome, the quality of life (QOL) scores were very similar to other populations with cerebral palsy (CP). The activities of positioning, transferring and mobility had the greatest impact on health-related quality of life (QOL). Rehabilitation strategies and public policies should prioritize aspects related to mobility for this population.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em crianças com paralisia cerebral associada à infecção congênita pelo zika. Métodos: Estudo transversal de série consecutiva de casos de crianças acompanhadas em uma rede multicêntrica de reabilitação no Brasil. Convidamos o(s) cuidador(es) a responder à versão brasileira do Caregiver Priorities & Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (CPCHILDTM). A análise estatística foi realizada com o pacote estatístico Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 26.0™. Para variáveis categóricas, foram utilizadas frequências absolutas e relativas e, para variáveis contínuas, média e desvio padrão. Resultados: Cento e noventa e três crianças, com idade média de 50,3±7,6 meses, foram incluídas. Observou-se predomínio de crianças com paralisia cerebral Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) nível V (93,7%). Epilepsia (88,4%) foi a comorbidade mais comum. As pontuações médias do CPCHILDTM foram: atividades de vida diária/cuidados pessoais 43,2±12,6; posicionamento, transferência e mobilidade 33,7±16,5; conforto e emoções 84,4±15,2; comunicação e interação social 48,2±24,3; saúde 70,9±17,1; e qualidade de vida geral 72,1±17,1. A pontuação total foi 54,8±11,3. Conclusões: Entre as crianças com paralisia cerebral relacionada à síndrome do zika congênita, as atividades de posicionamento, transferência e mobilidade tiveram maior impacto na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde, semelhantemente a outras etiologias de paralisia cerebral. As estratégias de reabilitação e as políticas públicas devem priorizar os aspectos relacionados à mobilidade dessa população.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar, por meio de uma revisão de escopo, as categorias da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde descritas em estudos sobre as afasias. Métodos: foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados EMBASE, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science e em quatro buscadores da literatura cinzenta a partir dos DECs, termos Mesh e termos livres relacionados à “International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health” e à “aphasia”. As recomendações do PRISMA foram utilizadas. Os gerenciadores EndNote e Rayyan foram usados para remoção das duplicatas e para a leitura dos títulos, resumos e textos completos. Foram elegíveis os trabalhos que incluíam “afasia” e algum conceito da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde; publicados a partir de 2001. As informações registradas foram: tipo de estudo, nível de evidência, amostra, objetivos e categorias. Revisão de Literatura: foram localizados 1366 trabalhos nas bases de dados e 341 na literatura cinzenta. As categorias de primeiro nível mais descritas nos 13 estudos selecionados foram: Estruturas do Sistema Nervoso (Cérebro); Funções Mentais (Linguagem); Comunicação (Conversação); Apoio e Relacionamentos (Família Nuclear). Sexo e idade foram alguns dos Fatores Pessoais mais identificados. Conclusão: esta revisão fornece suporte para recomendar o uso da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde na atuação com pessoas com afasia.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to identify, through a scoping review, the categories of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health described in studies on aphasia. Methods: the search was performed by DECs, MeSH terms and free terms related to the “International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health” and “aphasia” in five databases, EMBASE, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, and four search engines of grey literature. The PRISMA recommendations were used. EndNote and Rayyan managers were used to remove duplicates and read titles, abstracts and full studies. Papers that contained “aphasia” and some aspect from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health were eligible, published from 2001. The data recorded were: type of study, level of evidence, sample, objectives and categories. Literature Review: 1,366 studies were located in the databases and 341 in the grey literature. The mostly described first level categories in the 13 selected studies were: Structures of the Nervous System (Brain); Mental Functions (Language); Communication (Conversation); Support and Relationships (Immediate Family). Gender and age were some of the most identified Personal Factors. Conclusion: this review provides support to the use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for performance with people with aphasia.

Resumo Myrciaria glomerata O. Berg. (Myrtaceae) é uma frutífera nativa da Mata Atlântica com potencial alimentício, medicinal e ecológico, mas com baixa taxa de germinação. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar diferentes métodos na superação da dormência de sementes e no vigor de plântulas de M. glomerata. Foram realizados dois experimentos. No experimento 1, foram testados sete tratamentos: controle; imersão em água a 100 ºC por 30 segundos; imersão em ácido sulfúrico concentrado (H2SO4) por 1 e 5 minutos; imersão em solução aquosa de ácido giberélico (AG3) 250 e 500 mg L-1 e imersão em solução aquosa com 5 mL de Stimulate® kg-1 de sementes. No experimento 2, foram testadas sete doses de Stimulate®: 0; 5; 10; 15; 20; 25 e 30 mL kg-1 de sementes. A imersão das sementes em 250 e 500 mg L-1 AG3 contribui na velocidade de germinação e maior comprimento, massas frescas e secas, em comparação às do controle e aos outros métodos testados. A imersão em água a 100 ºC e em H2SO4 não é recomendada para M. glomerata. As doses de 20 a 25 mL de Stimulate® kg-1 de sementes proporcionam incremento para todas as características anali-sadas. Imersão em AG3, na concentração de 250 mg L-1, e doses de 15 a 25 mL de Stimulate® kg-1 de sementes são eficientes para a superação da dormência de sementes e o vigor de plântulas de M. glomerata.

Abstract Myrciaria glomerata O. Berg. (Myrtaceae) is a fruit tree native to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest with potential for use as food and medicine, besides having good ecological potential. However, this species is limited by low germination rates. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate different methods to overcome dormancy in seeds of M. glomerata and to improve seedling vigor. For this, two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, seven treatments were tested: a control treatment, immersion in water at 100 ºC for 30 seconds, immersion in concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) for 1 and 5 minutes, immersion in an aqueous solution of gibberellic acid (GA3) at the concentrations of 250 and 500 mg L-1 for 24 h, and seeds homogenized with an aqueous solution of Stimulate® at a concentration of 5 mL kg-1 seed. In Experiment 2, six doses of Stimulate® were tested: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 mL kg-1 seed. The immersion of seeds in 250 and 500 mg L-1 GA3 contributes to increase germination rates, seed length, fresh mass, and dry mass compared to the control and the other methods tested. Immersions in water at 100 ºC and in H2SO4 are not recommended for M. glomerata. The treatment with Stimulate® at 15–25 mL kg-1 seed increased all characteristics analyzed. Immersion in 250 mg L-1 GA3 and Stimu-late® at 20–25 mL kg-1 seed efficiently stimulated seeds to overcome dormancy in M. glomerata, as well as improved seedling vigor.

Abstract This paper aimed at to evaluate the qualitative effects of climatic seasonality in a subtropical lagoon, using Discriminant Analysis, as well to identify the most sensitive and responsible parameters for these changes. The Mirim Lagoon watershed is one of the main transboundary basins in South America and is of great economic importance for the region because its waters are used for irrigation of rice fields and for the potable water supply to populations close to it, in this way, these uses may affect the quality of the basin waters. The data used in the study were provided and collected by the Mirim Lagoon Development Agency. Water quality parameters were selected in a five-year database and submitted to statistical tests that demonstrated their distinctions throughout the climatic seasons. The results showed that the parameters temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and total phosphorus differ statically between the four climatic seasons. Were also identified four discriminative parameters between the seasons, being them dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. In this way, it can be concluded that the seasonality mainly affects anthropogenic pollution sources such as agricultural activities and domestic discharges.

Hydrocarbons present in saturated fractions of crude oils can be assessed by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) using small hydrocarbons as ionizing reagents in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR MS). In this work, five paraffin standards of different average molar mass distributions (Mw) were easily ionized by APCI(+)FT-ICR MS using isooctane as the reagent gas. Data of Mw, carbon number and double bond equivalent (DBE) distributions corresponding to linear and cyclic hydrocarbons (HCs) were compared to results obtained from analysis of high temperature gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (HTGC-FID), comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC×GC-MS) and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. APCI(+)FT-ICR MS data showed good agreement with those of analytical techniques. Furthermore, the ability of APCI(+) to assess n-paraffin, even in blends with polyaromatic hydrocarbon molecules such as coronene (Mw = 301 Da) at concentrations from 2.5 to 25 µg mL-1, was demonstrated. The typical MS paraffin profile (containing repeating mass units of 14 Da) was clearly confirmed, being totally suppressed when a concentration of 25 µg mL-1 of coronene was used. This phenomenon was also evidenced in one of two saturated fractions produced using saturates, aromatics and polar (SAP) compound fractionation methodology.

Abstract Background Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, among non-Hodgkin lymphomas, is one of the most frequent subtypes. Clinical laboratory data and post-treatment outcomes are scarce in the Brazilian population. Objective The main objective of this retrospective study was to assess the impact of tumor markers, including the Myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88) mutation. Method Eighty-three patients were included and treated with R-CHOP or R-CHOP-like regimens. Results Median age was 64-years old and 58% were female patients. The median follow-up was 42 months. The progression free survival (PFS) at this time was 63% and overall survival (OS), 66%. In the patients with tumors expressing Myc proto-oncogene protein (MYC) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2), assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), known as dual protein expressers, median post-progression survival was 31 (15-45) months. An increased proliferative index were associated with a high rate of progression (hazard ratio 2.31 [95% confidence interval [1.05-5.12]; p = 0.04). The cell of origin (COO), identified by IHC, was not able to predict PFS (p = 0.76). The MYD88 L265P mutation was present in 10.8% (9/83) of patients and did not show a prognostic correlation. Conclusion In conclusion, the MYD88 mutation, although an important tool for diagnosis and a possible target drug, presented at a low frequency and was not a prognostic marker in this population.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar a detecção de Escherichia coli diarreiogênica (EPEC, STEC, ETEC e EAEC) em leite, água e fezes bovinas em pequenas propriedades leiteiras localizadas na Região Nordeste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. E. coli foi detectada em amostras obtidas de fezes (80%), leite cru (66,67%) e água (55,56%). STEC, EPEC, STEC:EPEC e STEC:ETEC foram as cepas mais prevalentes em amostras de fezes bovinas, respectivamente. Em relação ao leite cru, cepas de EPEC, STEC e STEC:EPEC foram detectadas em 4,17%, 16,67% e 4,17% das amostras, respectivamente. Ainda, detectou-se STEC na amostra de água utilizada na sala de ordenha, enquanto EAEC não foi detectada em nenhuma amostra. Conclui-se que fezes de bovinos é uma importante fonte de contaminação de E. coli patogênicas em propriedades leiteiras e podem consequentemente contaminar o leite cru e água. A importância da qualidade da água e da adoção efetiva de práticas higiênicas durante a obtenção do leite para evitar a contaminação são recomendadas devido à possibilidade de transmissão de microorganismos patogênicos a seres humanos devido a ingestão de leite cru ou queijos produzidos a partir de leite não pasteurizado.

Abstract This study focused on detecting diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), Shiga-toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC or STEC:EPEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) in raw milk, water, and cattle feces sampled from non-technified dairy farms located in the northeastern São Paulo State, Brazil. Thirty-six water samples were collected at different points, namely, water wells (8 samples), water intended for human consumption (8 samples), water from milking parlor (8 samples), and water intended for animal consumption (7 samples), headwaters (1 sample), rivers (3 samples), and reservoirs (1 sample). Three raw milk samples were taken directly from bulk tanks in each farm, totalizing 24 samples. Feces samples were collected using rectal swabs from 160 bovines (20 animals per farm). E. coli was detected in 128 feces samples (80%), 16 raw milk samples (66.67%), and 20 water samples (55.56%). STEC (26 samples, 16.25%), EPEC (10 samples, 6.25%), STEC: EPEC (5 samples, 3.13%), and STEC: ETEC (1 sample, 0.63%) were the most prevalent strains detected in samples from cattle feces. EPEC, STEC, and STEC: EPEC strains were detected in 4.17% (1 sample), 16.67% (4 samples), and 4.17% (1 sample) of raw milk samples, respectively. STEC strains were detected in water used in the milking parlor, while no EAEC strain was detected. As a conclusion, cattle feces are important contamination sources of pathogenic E. coli in non-technified dairy farms and, consequently, cross-contamination among feces, water, and/or raw milk can occur. The use of quality water and hygienic practices during milking are recommended to avoid contamination since pathogens can be transmitted to humans via raw milk or raw milk cheese ingestion.

Corrosion processes were evaluated for AISI 316 and AISI 1020 steels by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and light microscopy. Coupons were immersed in four crude oil samples with different total acid numbers (TANs) for 48 days at room temperature. The steels were also exposed to three blends (B1-B3), produced by quaternary mixtures of the oils, with lower TANs than their respective original oils. SEM micrographs showed pitting-type corrosion in most cases. AFM imaging showed drastic changes in the peak-to-peak values, topographic profiles and phase images of the AISI 1020 coupons exposed to all oils and blend B3 as compared to the unexposed steel. Defects were produced on the surface of almost all the samples exposed to naphthenic corrosion. Exposure to the oil blends reduced the extent of the naphthenic corrosion on the coupons, especially blends B1 and B2. The oil mixtures (blends) reduced corrosion.

Microscopic techniques were combined to study the influence of corrosion rate on the morphologic behavior of AISI 1020 steel specimens submitted to thermal degradation of a typical acid crude oil (total acid number (TAN) = 2.1390 mg KOH g-1 and total sulfur (S) = 0.7778 wt.%). The techniques used were light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM) as well as Raman spectroscopy. Assays were performed in six different degradation time (t = 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h) at 320 ºC. After the exposure of the specimens to petroleum, a reduction above 37% in the TAN after t = 72 h was observed, with a maximum corrosion rate during the first periods of degradation (t = 6 and 12 h). Correlating the TAN and corrosion rate data with the microscopic data, the images of LM, AFM, and SEM/EDX showed that after 6 h of exposure to petroleum, a passivation film was formed on the surface of the steel. This film consisted of two layers, an external one, formed of FeS, and an internal one, composed of iron oxides and oxyhydroxides. However, after 48 h of thermal degradation, this morphology was altered to a single layer of FeS coating the steel surface.

Resumo O atual contexto de intensas transformações sociais, econômicas e políticas tem contribuído para as mudanças no perfil de adoecimento da população e gerado discussões acerca de seus impactos na reorganização da sociedade. Atualmente, o aumento de doenças e agravos não transmissíveis impulsiona inquietudes quanto ao paradoxo da coexistência entre desnutrição e obesidade. A partir da leitura e interpretação de textos, documentos e banco de dados, este artigo discute os aspectos relacionados à nutrição, contemplando as dimensões de escassez e excessos, sua evolução ao longo do tempo, além da conexão com o novo padrão epidemiológico. Iniciamos com a caracterização conceitual, a historicidade e a interface antropológica do tema norteador. Em seguida, descrevemos a prevalência, a distribuição e a tendência secular da desnutrição e da obesidade, além das relações temporais com o novo padrão epidemiológico no Brasil em um contexto de desenvolvimento e desigualdades. Trazemos ainda uma reflexão acerca da (des)nutrição na pós-modernidade, os interesses e os interessados no processo saúde doença, assim como experiências internacionais e estratégias de cooperação solidária. Concluímos com alguns avanços e desafios atuais diante da complexidade e velocidade das mudanças contemporâneas.

Abstract The current context of intense social, economic and political transformations has contributed to changes in the health profile of the population and generated discussions about the impact of these changes on the reorganization of society. At the present moment, the increase in non-communicable illnesses and diseases raises major concerns about the paradox of malnutrition and obesity. Based on an in-depth reading and interpretation of texts, documents and databases, this article discusses issues related to nutrition, considering the dimensions of shortages and excesses, the evolution of nutrition over time, and the connection with the new epidemiological trend. We begin with a conceptual characterization, the historical background and the anthropological connections with the guiding theme of the article. We then describe the prevalence, distribution and secular trend of malnutrition and obesity, as well as the temporal relationship with the new epidemiological trend in Brazil within a context of development and inequalities. Finally, we reflect on the issue of (mal)nutrition in post-modernity, the new interests at stake in the health-disease process, as well as international experiences and strategies of partnerships designed to overcome these problems. We conclude by discussing some current advances and challenges in relation to the complexity and speed of contemporary changes.

Resumen El actual contexto de intensas transformaciones sociales, económicas y políticas ha contribuido a los cambios en el perfil de salud de la población y generado discusiones sobre su impacto en la reorganización de la sociedad. Actualmente, el aumento de las enfermedades transmisibles y no transmisibles aumenta la preocupación acerca de la paradoja de la coexistencia entre desnutrición y obesidad. A partir de la lectura e interpretación de textos, documentos y bases de datos, este artículo discute los aspectos relacionados con la nutrición, teniendo en cuenta las dimensiones de la escasez y los excesos, su evolución en el tiempo, además de la conexión con el nuevo patrón epidemiológico. Comenzamos con la caracterización conceptual, la historicidad y la interfazantropológica del tema. A continuación describimos la prevalencia, distribución y tendencia secular de la desnutrición y la obesidad, además de las relaciones temporales con el nuevo patrón epidemiológico en Brasil en un contexto de desarrollo y desigualdades. Además, hacemos una reflexión sobre la (des)nutrición en la posmodernidad, los intereses y las partes interesadas en el proceso salud-enfermedad, así como la experiencia internacional y estrategias de cooperación solidaria. Concluimos con algunos avances y retos actuales frente a la complejidad y velocidad de los cambios contemporáneos.

Resumo O atual contexto de intensas transformações sociais, econômicas e políticas tem contribuído para as mudanças no perfil de adoecimento da população e gerado discussões acerca de seus impactos na reorganização da sociedade. Atualmente, o aumento de doenças e agravos não transmissíveis impulsiona inquietudes quanto ao paradoxo da coexistência entre desnutrição e obesidade. A partir da leitura e interpretação de textos, documentos e banco de dados, este artigo discute os aspectos relacionados à nutrição, contemplando as dimensões de escassez e excessos, sua evolução ao longo do tempo, além da conexão com o novo padrão epidemiológico. Iniciamos com a caracterização conceitual, a historicidade e a interface antropológica do tema norteador. Em seguida, descrevemos a prevalência, a distribuição e a tendência secular da desnutrição e da obesidade, além das relações temporais com o novo padrão epidemiológico no Brasil em um contexto de desenvolvimento e desigualdades. Trazemos ainda uma reflexão acerca da (des)nutrição na pós-modernidade, os interesses e os interessados no processo saúde doença, assim como experiências internacionais e estratégias de cooperação solidária. Concluímos com alguns avanços e desafios atuais diante da complexidade e velocidade das mudanças contemporâneas.

Abstract The current context of intense social, economic and political transformations has contributed to changes in the health profile of the population and generated discussions about the impact of these changes on the reorganization of society. At the present moment, the increase in non-communicable illnesses and diseases raises major concerns about the paradox of malnutrition and obesity. Based on an in-depth reading and interpretation of texts, documents and databases, this article discusses issues related to nutrition, considering the dimensions of shortages and excesses, the evolution of nutrition over time, and the connection with the new epidemiological trend. We begin with a conceptual characterization, the historical background and the anthropological connections with the guiding theme of the article. We then describe the prevalence, distribution and secular trend of malnutrition and obesity, as well as the temporal relationship with the new epidemiological trend in Brazil within a context of development and inequalities. Finally, we reflect on the issue of (mal)nutrition in post-modernity, the new interests at stake in the health-disease process, as well as international experiences and strategies of partnerships designed to overcome these problems. We conclude by discussing some current advances and challenges in relation to the complexity and speed of contemporary changes.

Resumen El actual contexto de intensas transformaciones sociales, económicas y políticas ha contribuido a los cambios en el perfil de salud de la población y generado discusiones sobre su impacto en la reorganización de la sociedad. Actualmente, el aumento de las enfermedades transmisibles y no transmisibles aumenta la preocupación acerca de la paradoja de la coexistencia entre desnutrición y obesidad. A partir de la lectura e interpretación de textos, documentos y bases de datos, este artículo discute los aspectos relacionados con la nutrición, teniendo en cuenta las dimensiones de la escasez y los excesos, su evolución en el tiempo, además de la conexión con el nuevo patrón epidemiológico. Comenzamos con la caracterización conceptual, la historicidad y la interfazantropológica del tema. A continuación describimos la prevalencia, distribución y tendencia secular de la desnutrición y la obesidad, además de las relaciones temporales con el nuevo patrón epidemiológico en Brasil en un contexto de desarrollo y desigualdades. Además, hacemos una reflexión sobre la (des)nutrición en la posmodernidad, los intereses y las partes interesadas en el proceso salud-enfermedad, así como la experiencia internacional y estrategias de cooperación solidaria. Concluimos con algunos avances y retos actuales frente a la complejidad y velocidad de los cambios contemporáneos.

Este artigo analisa a produção social do transporte coletivo urbano rodoviário de Porto Alegre tendo como referência a teoria da produção social (TPS) proposta por Carlos Matus, que explica como a realidade social é produzida por atores que atuam sob condicionamentos e restrições. O estudo analisa interpretativamente dados secundários a partir das categorias da TPS. Considerando os fatos sociais que resultaram em acumulações e na alteração da regra do jogo, bem como os atores sociais envolvidos, sua motivação e recursos que mobilizam, evidencia-se a relevância das ações do Bloco de Lutas pelo Transporte Público no processo de produção social analisado. Destacam-se, também, as contribuições da TPS para analisar as políticas públicas como parte de um processo de interação entre atores sociais, localizados no aparelho de Estado e fora dele.

This paper analyses the social production of the public bus service in Porto Alegre, taking the Theory of Social Production (TSP) by Carlos Matus as reference. TSP explains how social reality is produced by actors acting under certain conditions and restrictions. Secondary data is interpretatively analyzed using categories from TSP. Considering social facts that resulted in accumulations and changes to the rules of the game, as well as the social actors involved, their motivations and the resources they mobilize, the study demonstrates the relevance of the Public Transport Struggle Front in the process of social production under analysis. It also highlights the contributions of TSP in the analysis of public policies as part of a process of interaction between social actors, located both within and outside the State apparatus.

Ese artículo analiza la producción social del transporte colectivo urbano por autobuses en Porto Alegre tomando como referencia la teoría de la producción social (TPS) propuesta por Carlos Matus, que explica como la realidad social es producida por actores que actúan bajo condicionamientos y restricciones. El estudio analiza interpretativamente datos secundarios a partir de las categorías de la TPS. Considerando los hechos sociales que resultaran en acumulaciones y en la alteración de la regla del juego, así como los actores involucrados, sus motivaciones y los recursos que movilizan, el trabajo evidencia la relevancia de las acciones del Bloque de Luchas por el Transporte Público en el proceso de producción social analizado. Destaca, también, las contribuciones de la TPS para analizar políticas públicas como parte de un proceso de interacción entre actores sociales, localizados en el aparato del Estado y fuera de él.

Resumo Fundamentos: Disfunção do ventrículo direito (VD) é observada em 30-50% dos pacientes com infarto do miocárdio na parede inferior (IM-I) e é fator preditor de mortalidade precoce. A fibrose miocárdica está associada com disfunção ventricular progressiva e prognóstico grave. Nesses pacientes, a ressonância magnética cardíaca (RMC) é um importante método de estratificação de risco. Objetivos: Avaliar a associação entre disfunção do VD e fibrose miocárdica em pacientes com IM-I por RMC. Métodos: Estudo coorte realizado em um centro de cardiologia de referência. Quarenta indivíduos com IM-I foram incluídos no estudo. RMC foi realizada durante a internação para estimar função do VD e quantificar fibrose miocárdica pela técnica de realce tardio com gadolínio (TRT). Os pacientes foram estratificados quanto à função ventricular, e características clínicas foram comparadas entre os grupos. Resultados: Quarenta pacientes foram incluídos no estudo, 75% eram homens e 43% idosos (idade ≥ 60 anos). Entre os fatores de risco cardiovasculares, hipertensão (45%) e tabagismo (33%) foram os mais prevalentes. A disfunção do VD estava presente em 33% dos pacientes. A massa de fibrose média foi 22 ± 12g nos pacientes com disfunção do VD e 15 ± 8 g nos pacientes com função ventricular preservada (p = 0,051). Conclusões: Os resultados deste estudo indicam uma possível associação entre disfunção do VD e fibrose miocárdica nos pacientes com IM-I. No entanto, outros estudos envolvendo um maior número de pacientes são necessários para confirmar nossos achados.

Abstract Background: Right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) can be found in 30-50% of patients with inferior wall myocardial infarction (I-MI) and predicts early mortality. Myocardial fibrosis is associated with progressive ventricular dysfunction and severe prognosis. In these patients, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is an important risk stratification method. Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the association between RVD and myocardial fibrosis in patients with I-MI, using CMR. Methods: Cohort study conducted in a prominent center of cardiology. Forty individuals with I-MI were included in the study. CMR was performed during hospitalization to estimate parameters of right ventricle function and to quantify myocardial fibrosis through late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) technique. Patients were stratified by ventricular function, and clinical characteristics were compared between study groups. Results: Forty patients were included in the study, 75% were male and 43% elderly (age ≥ 60 years). Hypertension (45%) and smoking (33%) were the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factors. RVD was found in 33% of patients. Mean fibrosis mass was 22 ± 12 g in patients with RVD compared with 15 ± 8 g in patients with preserved ventricular function (p = 0.051). Conclusions: The findings of our study indicate a possible association between RVD and myocardial fibrosis in patients with I-MI. However, further studies with larger series are needed to confirm our findings.